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gRPC is a high-performance RPC framework using Protocol Buffers. Protocol Buffers interfaces and message structures in .proto files. Code generation creates client and server stubs in multiple languages. HTTP/2 enables multiplexed streaming and reduced latency. Unary RPC sends single request and receives single response. Server streaming sends multiple responses to one request. Client streaming sends multiple requests for one response. Bidirectional streaming enables real-time messaging both ways. Deadlines and timeouts enforce request completion limits. Metadata passes additional context like authentication tokens. Interceptors implement cross-cutting concerns like logging and metrics. Load balancing with gRPC requires understanding connection management. gRPC-web enables browser clients with Envoy proxy. Error handling uses status codes with detailed error messages. Channels manage connections with configurable keepalive. SSL/TLS encryption secures gRPC communications. Reflection API enables debugging tools like grpcurl. gRPC is ideal for internal microservice communication. Performance improvements over REST JSON can be 7-10x. Learning Protocol Buffers is required for gRPC development.